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Calcium hypochlorite is a white, concentrated chemical sold as a powder, as crystals and in tablets. All are used to disinfect and sanitize drinking water and swimming pool water. When combined with water, calcium hypochlorite releases oxygen and a high concentration of chlorine molecules. Chlorine is an effective way to kill bacterial and fungal populations in water sources, and, compared with other sources of chlorine for water purification, it is easier and safer to use. However, there are some downsides to be aware of in calcium hypochlorite use.